雅思寫作小作文在整個(gè)雅思寫作中占了三分之一的分?jǐn)?shù),要求在20分鐘內(nèi)寫一篇不少于150字的文章。小作文一般都是圖表作文,常見的幾種主要類型有:表格圖,曲線圖,柱狀圖,餅狀圖和圖畫題五大類。一般來說,柱圖和線圖是每月??嫉念}型,有時(shí)候會(huì)有連考或者交替考的趨勢(shì)。餅圖和表格題也是相對(duì)頻率較高的題型。偶爾也會(huì)考綜合題。圖畫題主要分為流程圖和地圖題,一般每季度輪換題庫的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)。不管考到哪種題型,其要求都是一致的,先要挑選重要數(shù)值并且在相關(guān)處作比較。
在雅思A類小作文圖表題的寫作當(dāng)中,考生經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到圖表看懂了,但因數(shù)據(jù)比較凌亂,找不出很明顯的特征,或者找到了很多特征,卻不知道應(yīng)該用什么樣的思路來把圖表當(dāng)中的重要信息和規(guī)律特征有機(jī)自然的聯(lián)系貫穿起來的情況。本文將從動(dòng)態(tài)圖表和靜態(tài)圖表的角度來詳細(xì)分析小作文的解題思路。
一、動(dòng)態(tài)圖
有時(shí)間推移變化的圖我們通常叫做動(dòng)態(tài)圖。曲線圖都是動(dòng)態(tài)圖,但是對(duì)于表格圖,餅圖和柱圖卻有動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)之分。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)圖我們都可以大致當(dāng)作線圖來處理。動(dòng)態(tài)圖重點(diǎn)在數(shù)字變化的表達(dá)上,利用主語句型的不同和銜接關(guān)聯(lián)詞來展開。寫好動(dòng)態(tài)圖的基礎(chǔ)是要準(zhǔn)備好三個(gè)方面:
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的動(dòng)態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為四步:①先相減(年份大的減小的);②后分類(上升一類,下降一類);③挑出極值(最大值);④挑選數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系,變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 線圖的解題思路大致分為兩種:第一種:①按整條線來寫(可以把相同趨勢(shì)的線放在一起,也可把相反趨勢(shì)的線拿來做對(duì)比);②挑選重要信息(整體趨勢(shì),起點(diǎn),重點(diǎn),最高點(diǎn),最低點(diǎn));③整體作比較。第二種:①按時(shí)間區(qū)間來寫(橫軸對(duì)上去有共同拐點(diǎn)或交點(diǎn)的分為一段);②對(duì)比著寫(強(qiáng)調(diào)交點(diǎn),拐點(diǎn),最高點(diǎn),最低點(diǎn));
3). 動(dòng)態(tài)柱圖解題思路:把各個(gè)柱子的頂點(diǎn)連起來就是幾條線,所以按線圖方式處理;
4). 動(dòng)態(tài)餅圖解題思路:把每種顏色看做一條線,可把相同相反的顏色放在一起寫,很多時(shí)候也可以把占的比例最大的單獨(dú)寫一部分。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 趨勢(shì)詞匯
上升動(dòng)詞類:increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar
下降動(dòng)詞類:decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip
波動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類:fluctuate
持平動(dòng)詞類:remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant
修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞:slightly 輕微地,slowly 緩慢地,gradually 逐漸地,steadily 穩(wěn)定地,rapidly 迅速地,moderately 溫和地,輕微地,significantly 明顯地,sharply 明顯地,dramatically 急劇地,drastically 急劇地
上升名詞類:increase, rise, growth, jump, surge
下降名詞類:decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop
波動(dòng)名詞類:fluctuation
修飾名詞的形容詞:slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic
2). 極值類詞匯和表達(dá)
最高點(diǎn):reach the peak/top/highest point
Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升類的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉increase)
最低點(diǎn):reach the bottom/lowest point
drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降類的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉drop)
占了:occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute
3). 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式
Double 是兩倍/大一倍
Increase/decrease three times 增長/減少了三倍
4). 大約的表達(dá)方式
Approximately/About/around+數(shù)字
3. 常用的小作文的趨勢(shì)句式表達(dá)
句式一:變化主體/圖畫中主體+趨勢(shì)動(dòng)詞+副詞+數(shù)值+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.
句式二:There be+形容詞+表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
句式三:時(shí)間+see/experience/witness+ 表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+ 變化的主體+ 數(shù)值
Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.
句式四:表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間
Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
二、靜態(tài)圖
靜態(tài)圖常見的是柱圖,餅圖和表格題。靜態(tài)圖的寫作思路相對(duì)比較多元化,重點(diǎn)在比較關(guān)系上,利用比較句式和排序方式來展開。我們主要也從以下幾個(gè)角度來分析:
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的靜態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為三步:①先分類(橫向,縱向或者橫豎交替);②挑出極值(最大值與最小值);③挑選剩余數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系,兩個(gè)數(shù)值,變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 靜態(tài)柱圖解題思路:第一種:①按顏色來分類;②總體做比較。第二種:①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);
3). 靜態(tài)餅圖解題思路:①若單個(gè)餅圖不相關(guān)時(shí),單個(gè)餅圖分開寫最后整體總結(jié);②若是同一相關(guān)事物的比較也是按顏色特征先分類,后作比較。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 占據(jù):
take up / make up / occupy/ account for
Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物
2). 剩余事物:
the rest
the remainder
sth is in the charge of
due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth
60%= three-fifths/three out of five
5/6=five-sixths
a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage
>80% (93%)= a lion’s share/maximal proportion of
5%= a minority of, a tiny portion
37.8%= comparatively a majority of (<50%的最大值)
87%/76% = comparatively a minority of
3. 靜態(tài)圖表示數(shù)值方式句式表達(dá)
1). 多個(gè)事物的排列法一(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)
①A is the largest/smallest/longest...
?、贐 is a close/far second with just+數(shù)字less.
或者:which is followed by B.
?、跿hird comes C with only +數(shù)字
或者:C is close/far behind with +數(shù)字
或者:C takes third spot/place with +數(shù)字
?、蹻ollowing C comes D with +數(shù)字
⑤Finally/the rest is ,……
2). 多個(gè)事物的排列法二(餅圖,柱形圖,表格)
A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究對(duì)象, with 數(shù)字, while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _(占據(jù)), ranking second. Furthermore, the third, forth and fifth places(或者用數(shù)字)altogether of the 研究對(duì)象 was shared by C,D and E(共享). The remaining part of it was due to F, G, H, I and J which follow the same trend and taking sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth respectively.(剩余)