雅思寫作小作文在整個(gè)雅思寫作中占了三分之一的分?jǐn)?shù)，要求在20分鐘內(nèi)寫一篇不少于150字的文章。小作文一般都是圖表作文，常見的幾種主要類型有：表格圖，曲線圖，柱狀圖，餅狀圖和圖畫題五大類。一般來說，柱圖和線圖是每月?？嫉念}型，有時(shí)候會(huì)有連考或者交替考的趨勢(shì)。餅圖和表格題也是相對(duì)頻率較高的題型。偶爾也會(huì)考綜合題。圖畫題主要分為流程圖和地圖題，一般每季度輪換題庫的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)。不管考到哪種題型，其要求都是一致的，先要挑選重要數(shù)值并且在相關(guān)處作比較。
在雅思A類小作文圖表題的寫作當(dāng)中，考生經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到圖表看懂了，但因數(shù)據(jù)比較凌亂，找不出很明顯的特征，或者找到了很多特征，卻不知道應(yīng)該用什么樣的思路來把圖表當(dāng)中的重要信息和規(guī)律特征有機(jī)自然的聯(lián)系貫穿起來的情況。本文將從動(dòng)態(tài)圖表和靜態(tài)圖表的角度來詳細(xì)分析小作文的解題思路。
一、動(dòng)態(tài)圖
有時(shí)間推移變化的圖我們通常叫做動(dòng)態(tài)圖。曲線圖都是動(dòng)態(tài)圖，但是對(duì)于表格圖，餅圖和柱圖卻有動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)之分。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)圖我們都可以大致當(dāng)作線圖來處理。動(dòng)態(tài)圖重點(diǎn)在數(shù)字變化的表達(dá)上，利用主語句型的不同和銜接關(guān)聯(lián)詞來展開。寫好動(dòng)態(tài)圖的基礎(chǔ)是要準(zhǔn)備好三個(gè)方面：
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的動(dòng)態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為四步：①先相減(年份大的減小的);②后分類(上升一類，下降一類);③挑出極值(最大值);④挑選數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系，變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 線圖的解題思路大致分為兩種：第一種：①按整條線來寫(可以把相同趨勢(shì)的線放在一起，也可把相反趨勢(shì)的線拿來做對(duì)比);②挑選重要信息(整體趨勢(shì)，起點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn));③整體作比較。第二種：①按時(shí)間區(qū)間來寫(橫軸對(duì)上去有共同拐點(diǎn)或交點(diǎn)的分為一段);②對(duì)比著寫(強(qiáng)調(diào)交點(diǎn)，拐點(diǎn)，最高點(diǎn)，最低點(diǎn));
3). 動(dòng)態(tài)柱圖解題思路：把各個(gè)柱子的頂點(diǎn)連起來就是幾條線，所以按線圖方式處理;
4). 動(dòng)態(tài)餅圖解題思路：把每種顏色看做一條線，可把相同相反的顏色放在一起寫，很多時(shí)候也可以把占的比例最大的單獨(dú)寫一部分。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 趨勢(shì)詞匯
上升動(dòng)詞類：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar
下降動(dòng)詞類：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip
波動(dòng)動(dòng)詞類：fluctuate
持平動(dòng)詞類：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant
修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞：slightly 輕微地，slowly 緩慢地，gradually 逐漸地，steadily 穩(wěn)定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 溫和地，輕微地，significantly 明顯地，sharply 明顯地，dramatically 急劇地，drastically 急劇地
上升名詞類：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge
下降名詞類：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop
波動(dòng)名詞類：fluctuation
修飾名詞的形容詞：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic
2). 極值類詞匯和表達(dá)
最高點(diǎn)：reach the peak/top/highest point
Increase to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升類的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉increase)
最低點(diǎn)：reach the bottom/lowest point
drop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降類的動(dòng)詞都可以替換掉drop)
占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute
3). 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式
Double 是兩倍/大一倍
Increase/decrease three times 增長/減少了三倍
4). 大約的表達(dá)方式
Approximately/About/around+數(shù)字
3. 常用的小作文的趨勢(shì)句式表達(dá)
句式一：變化主體/圖畫中主體+趨勢(shì)動(dòng)詞+副詞+數(shù)值+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.
句式二：There be+形容詞+表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間區(qū)間
Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
句式三：時(shí)間+see/experience/witness+ 表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+in+ 變化的主體+ 數(shù)值
Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.
句式四：表示趨勢(shì)的名詞+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+變化的主體+時(shí)間
Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.
二、靜態(tài)圖
靜態(tài)圖常見的是柱圖，餅圖和表格題。靜態(tài)圖的寫作思路相對(duì)比較多元化，重點(diǎn)在比較關(guān)系上，利用比較句式和排序方式來展開。我們主要也從以下幾個(gè)角度來分析：
1. 解題思路
1). 表格題的靜態(tài)題解題思路大致可以分為三步：①先分類(橫向，縱向或者橫豎交替);②挑出極值(最大值與最小值);③挑選剩余數(shù)值(倍數(shù)關(guān)系，兩個(gè)數(shù)值，變化明顯的數(shù)值);
2). 靜態(tài)柱圖解題思路：第一種：①按顏色來分類;②總體做比較。第二種：①按特征分(把有相同特征的分在一起);
3). 靜態(tài)餅圖解題思路：①若單個(gè)餅圖不相關(guān)時(shí)，單個(gè)餅圖分開寫最后整體總結(jié);②若是同一相關(guān)事物的比較也是按顏色特征先分類，后作比較。
2. 基礎(chǔ)替換詞匯
1). 占據(jù)：
take up / make up / occupy/ account for
Constitute / be the instrument of 致成物
2). 剩余事物：
the rest
the remainder
sth is in the charge of
due to/owing to/attributed/ascribed to/ for sth
60%= three-fifths/three out of five
5/6=five-sixths
a/the majority of = a large portion/ part/ share / proportion/ percentage
>80% (93%)= a lion’s share/maximal proportion of
5%= a minority of, a tiny portion
37.8%= comparatively a majority of (<50%的最大值)
87%/76% = comparatively a minority of
3. 靜態(tài)圖表示數(shù)值方式句式表達(dá)
1). 多個(gè)事物的排列法一(餅圖，柱形圖，表格)
①A is the largest/smallest/longest...
?、贐 is a close/far second with just+數(shù)字less.
或者：which is followed by B.
?、跿hird comes C with only +數(shù)字
或者：C is close/far behind with +數(shù)字
或者：C takes third spot/place with +數(shù)字
?、蹻ollowing C comes D with +數(shù)字
⑤Finally/the rest is ,……
2). 多個(gè)事物的排列法二(餅圖，柱形圖，表格)
A occupied the maximal portion of the 研究對(duì)象, with 數(shù)字, while B accounted for comparatively less rate, with only _(占據(jù)), ranking second. Furthermore, the third, forth and fifth places(或者用數(shù)字)altogether of the 研究對(duì)象 was shared by C,D and E(共享). The remaining part of it was due to F, G, H, I and J which follow the same trend and taking sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth respectively.(剩余)